Carnauba wax, often referred to as the "queen of waxes," is a natural, plant-based wax with a high melting point and excellent film-forming properties. Its unique composition makes it an invaluable ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations. The wax is composed of mainly aliphatic and aromatic esters, fatty alcohols, and acids, which contribute to its emollient and protective qualities [3].

In skincare, carnauba wax functions primarily as an occlusive agent, forming a barrier on the skin's surface that helps prevent transepidermal water loss (TEWL). This barrier effect is particularly beneficial for dry or dehydrated skin, as it helps to lock in moisture and improve skin hydration. A study by Barel et al. (2001) demonstrated that occlusive agents like carnauba wax can significantly reduce TEWL and improve skin hydration when used in moisturizing formulations [4].

Moreover, carnauba wax's film-forming properties make it an excellent ingredient in products designed to provide a protective layer on the skin. This can be particularly useful in lip balms, hand creams, and other products intended to shield the skin from environmental stressors. The wax also imparts a glossy finish to products, which is why it's often used in lipsticks and other color cosmetics [5].